In the 1G and 2G of wireless cellular systems, CAC has been developed for a single service environment. In the 3G and beyond wireless cellular systems, multimedia services such as video, data, and audio are to be offered with various QoS profiles. Hence, more sophisticated CAC schemes are needed to develop for dealing with these challenges. CAC is needed for admitting reasonable number of users in the sense that CAC can satisfy various QoS constraints for different services and also maximize the spectrum utilization for systems. CAC schemes play a very important role in the performance of 3G wireless cellular network systems as it directly controls the number of users in a cell and thus limit the interference in the system.CAC has been extensively studied in wireless cellular networks as an essential tool for congestion control and QoS provisioning. CAC in wireless cellular networks has been receiving a great deal of attention during the last two decades due to the growing popularity of wireless cellular network and the central role that CAC plays in QoS provisioning

During the recent past, weather patterns all over the world have changed and Himachal Pradesh of North-Western Himalaya is no exception. The trend analysis of temperature and precipitation data was done by taking data of 1973-1990 from wet temperate and 1971-90 duration from sub temperate region as baseline which was further divided into two periods i) 1991-2000; ii) 2001-2011 and variation was analysed season wise. In the sub temperate region maximum temperature has increased in all the seasons, however highest increase of 3.11oC was noticed in winter season during 2001-2011 period from the base years of 1971-90. The average minimum temperature was found to decrease over the base period of 1971- 90. The maximum decrease of 1.3oC over the base period was noticed in autumn season during the period of 2001-2011

River Bank erosion has emerged to be one of the most annoying environmental hazards these days. It is a complex process which incorporates actions of several complex processes and cannot be attributed to any single process. At present, the average quantum of land engulfed by the rivers is about 800 hectares in West Bengal. River Bhagirathi –Hooghly, the most prominent river of the state has resorted to large scale bank slumping and flood in Shantipur, Nadia, the birth place of Vaishnavism. Though there has been immense study on the erosional activity of this river in the state, Shantipur has not got enough importance on this matter. Eminent national and international scholars have detected the causes of such erosional activities to be the typical flow properties of the river, the structural and compositional properties of the bank and climatic characteristics of the concerned area. This paper tries to throw some light upon the factors which have probably acted jointly to produce such large scale wearing away of land in this part of the planet

The study describes the isolation of Beauveria bassiana from soil sample collected from lower bhavani project areas of Tamil Nadu. Primary screening of Beauveria bassiana was examined by microscopic and macroscopic morphology and then confirmed by biochemical tests. Fast growing selected isolate are cultured for biomass production on submerged and solid state fermentation effected 20% packed cell mass in SMF and EOF cell mass of 22 grams by SSF. The selected isolate is irradiated to UV and conducted three rounds of mutation resulted. Thirty five mutants were screened for fast growth, increased enzyme activity and biomass production. The study has resulted mutant MUT-23 affected 35% PCV in SMF and 30 grams end of fermentation weight in SSF with lipase 45 u/g, protease 88 u/g and chitinase 34 u/g productivity

With the ease of digital image manipulation, image forgery has become a common concern. The fast development of commercial image editing software's such as Adobe Photoshop dramatically increases the amount of doctored photographs circulated every day. First, various image forgery detection techniques are classified and then its generalized structure is developed. To restore the traditional trustworthiness on digital photos, image forensics analyses that can reliably tell the origin, integrity and authenticity of a given image are urgently needed. we propose several new image forensics tools. These forensics tools help expose common image forgeries, especially those easy-to-make forgeries, which can hardly be seen directly by human eye

In the noisy environment there is presence of background acoustic noise such as noise produced by vehicle engine inside a vehicle. Also there is utmost requirement to ensure negligible noise components in the recorded speech signal. Due to this speech communication or recording is greatly affected. One possible way to overcome this problem or satisfy a requirement to obtain a better recording of the desired signal is the use of a simple noise canceller